Planet Facts

Read some really neat facts about the planets in our solar system!

√ Note: The fast facts on this page are appropriate for grades 1 to 3 while the "more about" links are appropriate for grades 4+.

I've listed them in order from closest to furthest from the sun:

» Mercury
» Venus
» Earth
» Mars
» Ceres (dwarf planet found in the asteroid belt)
» Jupiter
» Saturn
» Uranus
» Neptune
» Pluto (Note: Pluto is considered a dwarf planet now)
» Eris, Makemake, Haumea, Sedna (also dwarf planets - found past Pluto)

● Mercury takes 59 days to make a rotation but only 88 days to circle the Sun. That means that there are fewer than 2 days in a year! Many astronomers believe that Mercury might be the core of what was once a much larger planet - it appears to be a huge ball of iron covered by a thin layer of rock.

● Venus is the brightest planet in our sky and can sometimes be seen with the naked eye if you know where to look. It is the solar system's brightest planet - yellow clouds of sulfuric acid reflect the sun's light brightly.

● Earth has more exposed water than land. Three quarters of the Earth is covered by water!

● Mars is the home of "Olympus Mons", the largest volcano found in the solar system. It stands about 27 kilometers high with a crater 81 kilometers wide.

● Between Mars and Jupiter, is a Dwarf Planet known as Ceres. It was discovered in 1801. It is the smallest dwarf planet discovered in our universe (so far) and is the only one found in the asteroid belt. A dwarf planet is NOT a planet - the solar system is made up of:

» a star (the sun),
» planets (ex: jupiter and earth),
» satellites (ex: the moon),
» dwarf planets (ex: Ceres and Pluto), and
» small solar system bodies (ex: asteroids and comets).

● Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, but it spins very quickly on its axis. A day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 55 minutes. Ack, I get dizzy just thinking about it!

Jupiter is so big that you could fit all the other planets in the solar system inside it. The red spot of Jupiter is the biggest, most violent storm in the known universe - that spot is at least three times the size of earth!

● Saturn is the second biggest planet, but it’s also the lightest planet. If there was a bathtub big enough to hold Saturn, it would float in the water!

The ring that surrounds Saturn could be the remnants of a moon that was shattered by Saturn's gravity.

● Uranus’ axis is at a 97 degree angle, meaning that it orbits lying on its side! Talk about a lazy planet.

● Neptune was discovered in 1846. In 2011 it finally made it's first lap around the sun since we discovered it - to make a complete orbit around the sun, because one Neptune year lasts 165 Earth years!

Like Jupiter, Neptune has a dark spot caused by a storm. Neptune's spot is smaller than Jupiter's - it is only about the size of the planet earth.

● Pluto’s orbit sometimes brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune. It jumped ahead of Neptune on September 5, 1989 and remained there until February, 1999 when it went back to being the farthest.

√ Note: Pluto is no longer considered a planet - instead, astronomers call it a dwarf planet or planetoid. Whatever the name, our solar system isn't the neat model we once thought it was. It takes a bit for grown-ups (like me!) to adapt to the changes in our understanding (I now understand a bit better how folks felt when someone started telling them the earth was round not flat!)

● In January 2005, astronomers in the United States discovered a new body orbiting the sun in our solar system. They named this planetoid, Eris after the Greek goddess of strife.

Eris takes approximately 550 earth years to orbit the sun. The majority of the time, it is further from the sun than Pluto, but for a short time, it is closer.

Eris is actually larger than Pluto (it is the ninth largest object orbitting our sun discovered so far!)

● Makemake and Haumea are dwarf planets just like Pluto, but a little further out in our solar system. Because their orbits are not perfect circles, they trade places in terms of which is closer and which is further from the sun.

Both were discovered in late 2004/early 2005.

Haumea has a squished egg shape - thought to be the result of a collision from an asteroid or meteor at some time.

● In 2004, astronomers in universities in the United States discovered a new body orbiting the sun in our solar system. They named this planetoid, Sedna after the Inuit goddess of the Ocean. This is the furthest orbiting body identified in our solar system to date.

Sedna is about three times further from our sun than Pluto. It takes between 10,500 and 12,000 earth years for Sedna to make one orbit around the sun (we haven't quite figured out exactly how long it takes).

√ Note: This section last updated in January 2013. Our understanding of our solar system is always being updated due to new technologies and new discoveries!

Kisah Beruk Tunggal

Kononnya, ada sebuah istana terletak di tebing sebatang sungai. Rajanya mempunyai tujuh orang puteri. Baginda amat sayang kepada Puteri Bongsu.

Di tebing sebelah istana ada sebuah pondok buruk. Penghuninya seorang perempuan setengah umur. Kerjanya bertani.

Perempuan itu sangat inginkan seorang anak. Pada suatu hari, dia minum air di sebuah tempurung. Selepas itu dia mengandung lalu melahirkan seekor beruk. Ia dinamakan Beruk Tunggal.

Setelah besar, Beruk Tunggal menolong ibunya bertani. Tahun itu padi menjadi tetapi diserang tikus. Beruk Tunggal menangkap semua tikus yang menyerang padinya. Kemudian dia mencari Raja Tikus. Apabila bertemu, Raja Tikus itu diberi amaran. Raja Tikus ketakutan kerana ia tahu Beruk Tunggal jelmaan seorang anak raja kayangan.

“Hamba tidak tahu huma ini kepunyaan tuanku,” kata Raja Tikus.

“Padi aku sudah habis. Apakah tindakan kamu?” Tanya Beruk Tunggal.

“Hamba akan suruh rakyat hamba mengumpulkan butir emas,” kata Raja Tikus.

“Baiklah, aku terima pemberian itu!” kata Beruk Tunggal. Kemudian, segala tikus itu datang membawa butir emas. Banyaklah emas di pondok Beruk Tunggal.

Beruk Tunggal meminta emaknya meminang puteri raja. Emaknya pun pergi ke istana. Raja terkejut mendengar permohonan perempuan itu. Namun raja menyampaikan juga permohonan itu kepada ketujuh-tujuh orang puterinya.

“Kahwin dengan beruk?” Tanya Puteri Sulung. Puteri yang lain turut hairan. Hanya Puteri Bongsu yang bersopan-santun sahaja yang sanggup menjadi isteri Beruk Tunggal.

Raja dan permaisuri kasihan kepada Puteri Bongsu. Baginda meminta hantaran sebentuk cincin berlian. Pada fikiran raja, tentulah perempuan miskin itu tidak berdaya menyediakannya.

Beruk Tunggal memohon kepada ayahandanya, Raja Kayangan. Pada malam itu, ayahanda Beruk Tunggal menghantar secupak cincin berlian. Emak Beruk Tunggal pun mempersembahkan cincin berlian yang secupak itu ke istana.

Dia meminta baginda memilih sebentuk cincin yang sesuai. Raja tidak dapat mengelak. Puteri Bongsu pun dikahwinkan dengan Beruk Tunggal.

Selepas itu baginda tidak mahu mereka tinggal di istana. Puteri Bongsu mengikut Beruk Tunggal tinggal dipondoknya. Pada malam pertama, Puteri Bongsu menemui sarung beruk. Esoknya, Beruk Tunggal tidak bersarung lagi. Dia bertukar menjadi seorang pemuda yang kacak.

“Kekanda sebenarnya putera Raja Kayangan. Bakarlah sarung beruk itu. Taburkan sedikit debunya di luar pondok. Pintalah sesuka hati adinda,” kata putera Raja Kayangan.

Puteri Bongsu mengikut suruhan putera raja itu. Sebentar itu juga pondoknya bertukar menjadi istana, lengkap dengan taman yang indah.

Pengajaran:
1. Jangan mencuri hak orang lain.
2. Jangan memandang hina kepada orang miskin.

Adaptasi daripada Himpunan 366 Cerita Rakyat Malaysia. 2007. Othman Puteh dan Aripin Said. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

Tugu Negara

Tugu Negara Malaysia terletak berhampiran jalan ke bangunan Parlimen. Ia merupakan simbol penghargaan demi mengenang jasa dan pengorbanan pasukan keselamatan yang gugur dalam mempertahankan maruah dan kedaulatan negara Malaysia yang tercinta.

Tahukah anda bahawa reka bentuk tugu negara hampir menyerupai atau lebih tepat adalah kembar kepada USMC War Memorial di Arlington, Virginia, United States? Tugu USMC War Memorial juga dikenali sebagai Tugu Peringatan Iwo Jima.

USMC War Memorial siap dibina pada 1945 manakala Tugu Negara kita pula siap dibina pada 1966. Ini bermakna Tugu Peringatan Iwo Jima ini dibina dahulu sebelum tugu kita. Jadi, siapakah yang diberikan ilham untuk membuat tugu yang hampir serupa untuk negara kita?

Tidak lain tidak bukan, idea tersebut datang dari ilham Perdana Menteri pertama kita yang juga lebih dikenali sebagai Bapa Kemerdekaan, Tunku Abdul Rahman. Tunku mendapat ilham ketika lawatannya ke Amerika pada Oktober 1960.

Setelah melihat tugu tersebut, Tunku telah bertemu secara peribadi dengan pengukir tugu USMC War Memorial, Felix de Weldon untuk menyatakan hasratnya untuk membuat tugu yang hampir serupa di negara kita. Di atas kerjasama Felix, beliau kemudiaannya telah dianugerahi dengan gelaran 'Tan Sri'. Justeru tidak hairanlah terdapat persamaan antara Tugu Negara kita dan Tugu Iwo Jima kerana sebenarnya adalah dari pengukir yang sama.

Jika Tugu Negara kita mendapat ilham daripada Tugu Peringatan Iwo Jima, maka dari mana pula Tugu Peringatan Iwo Jima mendapat ilham pembinaannya?

Tugu Peringatan Iwo Jima dibina berinspirasikan sebuah gambar foto askar-askar Amerika yang mendirikan bendera mereka, The Stars and Stripes di Gunung Suribachi, Iwo Jima, Jepun. Tugu ini dibuat sempena foto berjudul 'Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima' yang memenangi Anugerah Pulitzer.
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Artikel: SEJARAH2U